Kurdish Speaking Police Urgently Sought in Turkey 
The leadership of the Turkish security authorities are ad-vertising for Kurdish-speaking police officers to serve in locations populated by citizens “of Kurdish descent”.
This development has come about from the reform pack-age, a package which also included the legalisation of Kurdish language tuition and Kurdish language radio and TV. Many Kurds, especially the elderly, do not speak Turkish, thus the search for Kurdish-speaking police offi-cers.
Previously there had been the belief that police who spoke Kurdish risked losing their job but now it seems that such an ability is now an advantage in a changing Turkey. Ma-jor language problems do exist especially in the southeast (northern Kurdistan) amongst the rural population there.
It is however not clear whether the introduction of Kurdish speaking police officers are to aid “citizens of Kurdish descent” or to be able to question them. (Source: KurdishMedia com, 30. 09. 02)

Separatism Charge Because of a Kurdish Saying 
The electoral candidate of the CHP party (Republican Peoples Party), Orhan Ekmen, welcomed the electors at an electoral event in Kozluk, Batman in Kurdish and quoted a Kurdish saying. 
Kozluk’s public prosecutor then initiated an investigation against Ekmen for “breaching the electoral regulations and separtism”.
According to regulations from the Central Electoral Com-mission in Ankara from 08.08.2002, “no language, spoken or written, other than Turkish may be used during the electroal campaign”. (Source: Hürriyet, 09.10.02)

Comments from the IMK editorial team:
It has again become clearer how misleading the “EU con-vergence laws” from 03.08.2002 were.
While the Turkish side claim that the legislation “finally” means Kurdish is no longer banned, the electoral commis-sion issue a regulation in August effectively, if not explic-itly, banning electoral campaigning in Kurdish.

Kurdish Language Courses Banned for Non-Turkish Speaking Citizens 
The EU entry requirements, which have not yet been ful-filled, were a reason to postpone the elections to a later date, declared the head of the “Motherland Party”, Mesut Yilmaz.
Some of the requirements would lead to political debates.
At the next cabinet meeting, under the chairmanship of the education minister, there will be talks on the basic re-quirements for participation in Kurdish lessons: pupils who are 18 years old and have completed 8 years at school and have a finishing certificate. In other words, learn Turk-ish first, and be educated in Turkish.

Then there bans on clothing on men’s headwear and uni-forms and pullovers in the colours of the flag – yellow, red and green..

Bans on history and geography
In the regulations the word “Kurdish” has been explicity forbidden. They refer instead to “tuition in the various languages and dialects spoken by Turks”. Tuition will strictly follow MEB regulations just like English, French or Arabic.
The education board determine the subjects from which history, geography, politics, mathematics and science are excluded because they may be used to teach Kurdish. If the regulations are not followed the lessons may be suspended. Such provisions are intended to prevent the possibility of alternative schools arising from the lanuage courses and to prevent any propaganda taking place from separatist organizations.

Monitored two-hour TV broadcasts 
RTUK has also given the final touches to “Kurdish televi-sion”.
The opinions organizations such as the Turkish national security council and the MIT have now been taken inot account becuause of the sensitivities surrounding the issue.
According to the initial proposal the broadcast may only be transmitted over public channels because of the fear that some private TV stations may be supported by separatist orgnaizartions and used for Kurdish TV. Private stations may not therefore broadcast Kurdish language programmes. The station TRT will provided 2-hour daily broadcasts on the GAP channel, in Kurdish and other lan-guages and dialects.
The cabinet will, however, have the final word on the matter.

Strict Controls on Land Purchase 
Minister of state Ali Dogan has said that the authorities are of the view that concerning the purchase of land their would be strictly scrutinized in respect of minorities. 
According to the regulations minorities may now register joint ownership within the next 6 months if they had pre-viously been unable to do so under older legislation. How-ever, they must prove their entitlement to it, even if they have been using the land for years, by producing receipts for electricity, water and gas.
Ownership by individuals will not be registered. (Source: Sabah, 18. 09.02)

Will Kurdish Broadcasting be Allowed in Fu-ture?
According to reports from the Turkish newspaper Milliyet from 10.10.02, the control board for Turkish TV and radio have finally issued regulations on Kurdish TV and radio broadcasting after having taken into account the views of the Turkish national security council, the general staffs and other state institutions (i.e. the Turkish secret intelligence services MIT – comment from the IMK editorial team).
The word Kurdish is not mentioned in the regualtions. Reference is instead made to “the traditional day to day languages and dialects of Turkish citizens”.
According to the regulations broadcasters must firstly provide a written “loyalty guarantee” whereby they give assurances “to uphold the constitution of the Turkish Re-public and to ensure that their programmes will be pro-duced in accordance with the unity of the state and RTÜK regulations”.
Broadcasters may only apply for only one language or one dialect.
Radio stations are permitted to broadcast a maximum of 6 hours on one day of the week and on one weekend day in their permitted langauge or dialect. Broadcasted pro-grammes must also be repeated in the Turkish language.
TV stations may only broadcast a maximum of 2 hours on one day of the week and there must be Turkish subtitles made available during the broadcast.
Broadcast times may not be exceeded under any circum-stances. Programme changes must first be approved by RTÜK.
The public at home and abroad are now wondering whether native language broadcasts can happen at all un-der such conditions, irrespective of whether from private or public stations. The RTÜK regulations create enormous hurdles and risks, especially for private stations.
The Turkish parliament and government claimed following the passing of the “EU compliance package” that the Co-penhagen criteria had been fulfilled. Roars from the Turk-ish side on the lifting of the ban on Kurdish langauge could be heard at the north pole!
The ugly face of Turkish nationalism has been revealed by the regulations issued on “Kurdish courses”, “Kurdish broadcasting” and the ban on Kurdish during the elections. The words “Kurdish“ or “Kurdish language” do not appear in the legilation package from August 3rd nor in the new regulations Is this acknolwedgement of Kurdish identity or fulfilment of the Copenhagen Criteria? 
In view of this farcical situation, we appeal to the German government and European institutions such as the Euro-pean Parliament, European Council and the European Commission for Enlargement to take urgent action. (Source: IMK e.V., 12.10.02)

Journalist Found Guilty
The 6th chmaber of the state security court in Istanbul has passed judgement against Mehmet Sevket Eygi for his article “Terror of religious hatred” published I his column in the daily paper “Milli Gazete”. Him anmd his chief editor Selami Çaliskan were sentenced to 20 months im-prisonment. Caliskan’s sentence was commuted to a fine of 1.84 billion TL. The newspaper was given a 3 day pub-lication ban. (Source: Hürriyet, 10.10.02)

Court Case Against Kurdish Names 
Registration authorities in Mersin have begun legal pro-ceedings against the Yilmaz family to compel them to give their 7 year old son a name other than “Rojhat” (Sunrise). The case is to be heard on 26th November before the 3rd chamber of the civil court in Mersin.  (Quelle: Özgür Politika, 11.10.02)

IHD: Decrease in Human Rights Abuses in the Region 
The Diyarbakir section of IHD has issued its report on human rights abuses for August/September of this year. Diyarbakir’s IHD head, Selahattin Demirtas, said at a press conference in the IHD offices that reports of human rights abuses for August and September 2002 had decreased by 300% in comparison to the same period last year. Demirtas said that August and September 2001 had been a tense period. He said “because there has been caution and carefulness, the region had experienced a period short of incident and hostility”. Demirtas, pointed out that the region had been overshadowed by violence and clashes particularly during celebrations for the world day of peace on September 1st went on to say that “This year celebrations for the World Day of Peace took place in a peaceful atmosphere because of restraint by the people, civil organizations and the authorities responsible”. 

Prevention of suicides
Demirtas mentioned that work, involving many civil orgnaizations, had begun concerning the high number of suicide attempts. He said that the work would be made public. He went on “We hope that by lifting the state of emergency a sense of freedom will soon be experienced which at the same time can lead to an even higher reduc-tion in rights abuses”. (Source: DIHA, 07.10.02)

Turkey No Yet Ready for Entry Talks 
According to EU Report 
Turkey should not expect any swift commencement of entry talks with the EU. According to the Frankfurter Rundschau, this follows a decision by the EU commission in a routine assessment on how “ready” the 13 candidate countries are by the authorities in Brussels. The newspaper published a version of the progress report to be issued bythe commission. It revealed that Brussels would ac-knowledge some positive developments in Turkey but that the country was far from meeting EU standards on central political and judicial issues.
Acording to the report, Anakara had made some progress but “there were limitations on the effects of the reforms” and “there were few clear indications” that these “would be seriously implemented”. The report specifically criti-cized the “restrictive” character of the legislative reforms made early in the summer concering unity. There were still “many grounds” whereby awkward political movements could be banned. There was also criticism that priosners sentenced by state security courts could be placed in isola-tion detention.
The commission also considered that progress was neces-sary on economic entry requirements. (Source: dpa, 04.10.02)

Turkish Constitutional Court Rejects Petition Against EU Reforms 
The Turkish constitutional court has unanimously rejected a petition from the governing nationalists to urgently re-voke a number of the legislative reforms. The MHP, under deputy prime minister Devlet Bahceli, had amongst other things petitioned against zthe lifting of the death penalty and the protection of Kurdish cultural rights. Turkey had hoped for a swift commencement of EU entry talks as a consequence of the reforms. (Source: dpa, 08.10.02)

Ecevit Threatens Possible Attacks Against Kurds in Northern Iraq 
Turkish prime minister Bülent Ecevit has threatened Kurds in northern Iraq with possible attacks in the event of any efforts towards independence. "Our attention is focused on northern Iraq and we will take the necessary measures if the smallest of developments takes place”, ecevit told the TV broadcaster TV8. He did not exclude an attack. Turkey has previously confirmed that “a number” of soldiers were already in Iraq. (Source: AFP, 06.10.02) 

Turkey: Eren Keskin
Persecuted for Her Activities as a Defender of Human Rights 
There have already been dozens of legal cases and investi-agtions against Eren Keskin – head of the Istanbul branch of the human rights organization (IHD) and a founder of the legal aid project for sexually abused women – concerning her human rights actvities. 
In one legal case, the charge concerns press statements and bulletins which the IHD issued on “The Kurdish language and culture” betwJanuary and March 2002. She was charged under Article 169 of the TPC for supporting the illegal Kurdish Party 
In another case she was charged under Article 8 of theanti-terror law for spreading “separatist propaganda” in respect of comments made during a podium discussion on “vio-lence against women” on 25th November 2001.
In a third case she has been charged under Article 312 of the TPC for “incitement” in connection with comments made at a public event on March 16th 2002 in Co-logne/Germany. Following this event she became the traget of a major smear campaign within the Turkish media. A male journalist threatened her publically with sexual assault during a radio programme. The Turkish Press Council then warnthe journalist concerned on July 4th 2002 following a campaign by women.
(Further information available under: www.ai.de)

Turkey Under Fire from Both Sides in Iraqi Conflict 
Turkey is still hoping that there will not be a war on its doorstep. However, the more a conflict looms between the USA and Iraq the more the geo- strategical position of the country becomes both a curse and a blessing. On the one hand Ankara is heavily sought after as in the almost simul-taneous visits from high-ranking delegations from the US Foreign Ministry and from the deputy Iraqi leader Tarik Aziz. On the other hand the NATO country on the Bos-phorous is “under fire from both sides” as recently claimed by the newspaper "Radikal".
Baghdad have, in particular, been putting economic issues to the fore. Aziz mentioned the enormous economic losses that Ankara suffered following the 1991 Gulf War. He was convinced that the Turkish government would decided “in the interests of Turkey” in respect of US threats against Baghdad. But even with all the sweeteners, such as the offer of long-term, lucrative economic agreements similar to those with Moscow, the whip as also not been ignored. Aziz stated that naturally the firendship woould be over if Ankara permitted American fighter aircraft to fly over Turkey.
In talks with the US delegation, under the leadership of Elizabeth Jones, state secretary responsible for Europe and Asia, fears of economic disadvantages were pushed to the foreground. Ankara is concerned about the disappearance of foreign investment and tourists in view of the storm clouds gathering over Iraq, rising oil prices and the very fragile stability that Turkey has found again following the most severe economic crisis suffered since 1945. The Turkish foreign minister Sükrü Sina Gürel said that the US had taken note of this. Assurances of compensation were not given sadi the newspaper "Cumhuriyet".
Observers think that Turkey can not afford to stand by if the US military make a strike. Since the Gulf War, US and British aircraft have been taking off from the southern Turkish base in Incirlik to patrol the no-fly zone in north-ern Iraq. Government and military leaders in Ankara are well aware that Iraq is for Washington much more than a return of the weapons inspectors.
The Turkish National Security Council, where agreements take place between the government and generals, talks recently took place on all possibilities concerning “a mili-tary operation aimed at a regime change in Iraq”. Turkey would only have a say on an Iraqi new order if there is an arrangement with the USA. Ankara has again referred to its national interests in northern Iraq. The establishment of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq wants to be avoided at all costs so as to prevent any “autonomy activity” from its own Kurds. This would a “declaration of war”. (Source: dpa, 01.10.02)
 

Kurdish Parliament in South Kurdistan Meets for the First Time Since 1994
On 04.10.2202, the Kurdish parliament met in the Kurdish town of Hewler (Arbil) for the first time in 8 years. Along with the 2 leaders of the governing parties, Massoud Bar-zani (DPK) and Jalal Talabani (PUK), a number of foreign guests also took part inlcuding Daniele Mitterand, wife of the deceased former French president. Many observers and journalists from abroad were also present. Saddam Hussein had tanks drive up to just 10km away from the parliament building to frighten the Kurdish parliamentary members but they appeared untroubled by Baghdad’s sable rattling.
The following items were on the agenda:
· Opening speech by the parliament’s president Dr. Nuri Roj Schaweys.
- Announcement of a message from the American Foreign Secretary Colin Powel
- Speech by Daniele Mitterand
- Completion of the swearing in of the green par-liamentary party (PUK)
- Ratification of the Washington agreement be-tween the KDP and PUK
- Speeches by Massoud Barzani (KDP) andJalal Talabani (PUK)
In his opening speech Dr. Nuri Roj Schaweys (KDP), read out a message from American Foreign Secretary Powell. Powell gave assurances of his country’s support for the Kurds and the meeting of the Kurdish parliament was an historical and important step for the establishment of de-mocracy, the rule of law and the setting up of a pluralistic state in Iraq and in the region. He was aware that it was not easy but they could count on his support.  He also valued the Kurds stance against terror and the use of violence. 
Then Mrs. Mitterand held a speech in which she supported the progress of the democratic developments and the ex-periment in South Kurdistan and emphasized that the whole Middle East region was important. She called on the members of parliament to straight away abolish the death penalty because democracy and peace would not function when human rights were not respected. Furthermore, there should be a joint worldwide campaign to lift § 51 of the United Nations which permits the great powers to declare war on the grounds of self defense (without having to have already been attacked). 
PUK members were then sworn in because 23 formers members had resigned from the parliament or were no longer alive.
The Washington Agreement from 1998 between the PUK and KDP in the prescence of the then US foreign secretary Madeline Albright, was then ratified with an absolute majority. The agreement is now to be implemented.
In his speech, Massoud Barzani said that the meeting of the parliament sent an important message to the Kurdish people and the worldwide public. The message was that the Kurdish political parties had now put aside their long years of conflict and had made the interests of the Kurdish people a priority. He apologoised to the Kurdish people for the at times brutal conflict between the two sides whereby hundreds of Peschmergas from both sides died. If the Kurdish people were not willing to accept this he was prepared to face the consequences . He quoted a Kurdish saying: “These are our throats and that is the blade of the people”.
He then called on the neighboring states to work together for a peaceful coexistence but at the same time pointed out that they should not interfere with the internal affairs of the Kurds. They should respect the decisions of the Kurdish people.
Talabani also apologized to the Kurdish people on behalf of his party for the armed conflict and its victims. He ap-pealed to the parliament to pass a law strictly forbidding any use of violence in internal conflicts. Like Barzani he assured neighbor states that a federal Kurdistan was in no way a danger to them. On behalf of the people he thanked the states of America, Britain, France, Turkey, Iran and other European countries for their support. He gave assur-ances that the rights of other minorities in Kurdistan would be respected.
Both leaders said they would be working for the estab-lishment of a federal Iraqi state. (Source: Brayeti, Nr. 3808, 05.10.02)

Over 12,000 Victims of Mines in
 South Kurdistan 
According to information from organizations active in Kurdistan against land mines, around 20-25 million mine have been laid in Kurdistan. The Iraqi regime mined wide stretches of Kurdistan especially during the infamous Anfal operations, the expulsions and the destruction of thousands of villages. During the war between Iran and Iraq millions of mines from both sides were laid in Kurdistan. To date there have been more than 12,000 victims of mine explosions. The mines were and are also a severe obstacle to agricultural work and the rebuilding of villages following the liberation of Kurdistan.
MAG (Mine Advice Group) is one of the organizations who have been working in Kurdistan since 1992. They advise on the dangers of mines and have specialist exper-tise in mine clearance. In the past 10 years they have cleared 2,238 minefields covering an area of 6 million m² with 90,841 mines. Local authorities and experts call on the international community to strengthen the work of these organizations in Kurdistan. (Source: Brayeti, Nr. 3807, 03.10.02)

Everything Being Done in the Arabaisation of the Kurdish Regions 
A new dimension has been reached in the expulsion of Kurds and their replacement with Arabs. Although this breach of human rights by the Iraqi regime has been harshly criticized by the human rights commission of the UN in Genf, the wave of forced expulsions continues.
According to the latest reports, each Arab who resttles in Kurdistan receives a premium of 4 million Iraqi Dinar if he also takes with him the coffins of his deceased relatives. This even breaches Islamic law because many of the dead because many requested in their wills to be buried in their homeland. 
Even Kurdish graveyards are now to be Arabized whereby, all Kurdish names of the dead are to be overwritten with Arabic names. 
The Kurds who remain may not purchase any land. They can only sell their homes to Arabs. Houses and land seized from thos expelled are auctioned when there are no reset-tled Arabs to give them to. Those Kurds who have houses or land in the free regions of Kurdistan muts immediately leave their  current residence without being allowed to take anything with them.
Young Arabs from the south and central regions of the country are being encouraged to have their weddings in Kurdish regions by receiving major financial support from the regime to do so. For example, they firstly receive a sum of 3 million Dinar and land if there are no seized houses currently available. Whenthey have completed building their house they receive a further 6 million Dinar. (Source: Taerib Nr. 10, .Juni 02)

Iraqi Regime Bans Kurdish Names 
The Iraqi authorities in the town of Machmur have refused to issue birth certificates to 2 Kurdish families because they had given their children Kurdish names. 
One of the families had given their daughter theKurdish name “Aschiti”, and the other their son the name of “Safin”. When an employee from the authority responsible noticed the Kurdish names on the application forms he made racist comments, tore up the forms and threw them out. He then renamed the children, without informing the families, by giving them Arabic names. The girl is now called “Fatima” and the boy “Sabur”. Only then were their birth certificates issued. (Source: Media, Nr. 133, 01.10.02)

The Newspaper “Babel” Calls Two Thirds of Iraqis Sons of Bitches 
The newspaper owned by Odai Saddam has begun a racist campaign against Shia members who make up the majority of the Iraqi population. The paper wrote that the Shia per-mit homsexuality and called the 16 million Shi’ites sons of bitches.
In its edition from April 10th of this year, the president son’s newspaper disparaged much of the Iraq population and claimed places of pilgrimages such as the tombs of Ali Ali ben Abi Talib, Hussein or Musa ben Jaafar were loca-tions for sexual permisveness.
The newspaper from Odai Saddam, who is well known for his excesses and attacks against women, went on to say that the Shia permitted homosexuality and other reprehen-sible sexual practices. There was also sordid allegations that this was a way to increase numbers of Shi’ites through reproduction  and that it did not interest anyone if this involved sinful relationships.
The newspaper also accused respected religious leaders of encouraging sinful relationships between young men and women and claimed that young people only took part in religious ceremonies because this was the best way to get to know people of the opposite sex, but idrectly under the protection of the clerics. Who would irgnore such oppor-tunities?
Iraqi circles have called on religious leaders, human rights orgnaiuzations and national political parties to recognize the danger of these accusations. They pointed out that such statements would clear the way for the authorities for a new genocide particularly of the majority of Shi’ite popu-lation in the south of the country. This could happen in any uprising against the central powers in Baghdad. A call was also made for measures to be taken to prevent any new bloodbath under the Iraqi people. (Source: sciri-vienna, October 02)

Authorities Hiding Missiles and Other
Military Equipment in Moor Regions 
According to our sources, the regime has recently trans-ported missiles and other military equipment to dried out moor regions. The regime has had them hidden there for fear of them being destroyed in a military strike or discovered by UN weapons inspectors. This would be embarassing for the regime because they have always claimed that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.
It was also confirmed that the regime’s authorities have, for the past 3 months, been relentlessly transporting the weapons to the south in vehicles belonging to the arms ministry, under the supervision  of intelligence service officers and under guards from special units of the republi-can guard. (Source: sciri-vienna, October 02)

IPPNW Against New 
UN-Resolution on Iraq
The IPPNW have called on members of the UN Security Council not to yield under US pressure and to reject the poposed resolution from the US and Great Britain. 
The IPPNW fear that the new resolution could force a war against Iraq. “With the setting of deadlines, the US are trying to install an automatism which will lead to a war. We reject any such war-automatism” said Dr. Ute Water-mann, spokesperson for the IPPNW.
This press statement can be accessed under 
http://www.ippnw.de/presse/2002/020930un.htm

Mullah- Regime in Teheran Executed 6 Kurds 
The Iranian security services executed 6 Kurds in the Kurdish town of Sardascht on 08.10.2002. They were accused of cooperating with the Kurdish parties. The names of 2 of those executed are:
1. Chalid Ziwey   2. Hamze Ghadri.  Both came from from Sardascht. Reliable sources say the bodies were handed over to the parents at 2300 hours and were forced to bruy them in the night without any publicity. The names of the other 4 are still not known. 
More than 200 hundred military vehicles have been posi-tioned around the police buildings. Security forces have been called together for a special meeting  They fear mass protests by the Kurdish people..

Protests Before Syrias Embassy in Bonn 
Attended by Several Hundreds of Kurds 
Kurdish demonstrators marched from the German Federal Art Gallery to the Syrian embassy on the Ludwig-Erhard-Allee. 
According to the organizing Kurdish political parties, between 700-900 people demonstrated against the “dis-criminatory treatment of the Kurdish minority in Syria” (…)
The demonstrators wanted to draw attention to the anni-versary of the “racist census” in Syria and the land reforms which took place in the 1960s and which made thousands of Kurds impoverished foreigners in their own country.
The film maker Akram Kiro said that he left the country after his film "Poppies" criticising the regime became famous. Like Kiro, Farid Khoufa, who has lived for 17 years in Germany, “would love to go home sooner rather than later”. (Source : Bonner General Anzeiger, 07.10.02)
 

Dear Readers,
IMK e.V. in cooperation with the Medizinischen Flüchtlingshilfe Bochum is to carry out a series of events on the theme of “Trauma and Treatment”. The first event is to take place on 21st September 2002 in Cologne. The com-plete programme is available on our Website..

The programme is also available on the weekend conference on “Kurds in Iraq and Turkey – their future between Agas, Sheiks and oil multinationals” from 6.12. until 08.12.2002, in the Ev. Akademie Bad Boll, Ger-many. It can also be downloaded from our WEB-Site www.kurden.de.
 
 
 

New Publication

Dear Friends,

The IMK e.V. would like to inform all those involved in refugee work about the dissertation by Mehmet Bayval on “Psychosocial Development of Child Refugees”. 

The dissertation studies the conditions under which child refugees live in Germany. It looks at aspects of psychology, sociology, ethnology, politics and law.  
· The first part of the dissertation deals with definitions, refugee causes, statistics and interna-tional and national law. The issues referred to are the right to stay, residency and procedures concerning entry.. 
· The second half focuses on actual living situations, psychosocial development of child refu-gees,– e.g. in the areas of accommodation, education and identity, and outlining measures which would influence the living conditions of young refugees. 

The dissertation is available (in German) for the sum of 6,-- Euro ( incl. post). 
 

As before, please let us know your e-mail address. E-mail is faster and cost effective.

We would also like to refer you to our Web page where the following interesting articles are available:
· A report from the Turkish Daily News on the village guard system (German and English)
· IMK e.V press statement on the 40th annivesary of Syria’s racist census (German)
· An analysis on the behavior of the Turkish media during the German general elections (German) 
· An annual report from the PSK on developments in Turkey and north Kurdistan (German and Englisch)
· IPPNW-Report on the actual situation in Turkey and Kurdistan (German)
· An article byAshiti Amiron on Syria and Syrian Kurdistan (German))
· PSK statement on Turkish Parliament’s “EU Compliance Package” (German and English)
· The Article “Kurds and Kurdistan” by Shahin Sorekli from Australia (English)
These do not necessarily reflect our opinions but do concern the current debates on the issues we deal with. Visit us at www.kurden.de

Best regards,

The Editorial team

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